Cybersecurity officials warn that hackers and propagandists are using artificial intelligence (AI) to create malware, craft convincing phishing emails and spread misinformation, adding to growing concerns. Canadian Centre for Cyber Security Head, Sami Khoury, has noted that while the use of AI to draft malicious code is still in its early stages, “there’s still a way to go because it takes a lot to write a good exploit”. Europol and the UK’s National Cyber Security Centre have both warned about the risks of large language models, which scrape through vast amounts of text to generate human-like dialogue.